The texture of the surface is the primary concern for art papers. Several factors influence the texture of a paper:
The fiber is most important. Different types of wood pulp, cellulose, and cotton behave differently when made into paper.The volume of pulp per sheet affects the weight and strength of the paper.The production process is also important. Papers are made with mold, machine, or hand processes. The amount of heat and pressure in the drying process changes the paper as well.Surface textures can be created by the mesh mold that paper sheets are made on or applied by a roller to machine-made paper.The amount of “size”—the binding glue, not the dimensions—in the paper and on the surface affect how well it holds water. It also determines how “toothy” the surface is, or how much texture it has.
Here’s a look at some of the descriptions to give you a better understanding of the papers you’ll run across. Every artist is different, so it’s best to explore your options. Give some of these a try to see which you most enjoy working with. Some papers, such as Ingres, have a broad, pronounced surface texture clearly visible in the drawing. Other laid papers have a finer texture. It’s important to choose a scale of texture appropriate to your style of drawing. For instance, a finer-scale texture will often work best for smaller work. This type of paper is suitable for sketching with pastel, charcoal, and soft pencil. Brands include Canson Ingres, Hahnemühle Ingres, Hahnemühle Bugra Pastel Paper, and Strathmore 500 Series Charcoal Paper. The tooth and hardness of the paper vary according to the manufacturer, though most have a hard vellum surface with moderate sizing. This allows them to be used with harder media and a certain amount of layering. However, they are usually not suitable for heavy layering. Textured paper is good for pastel and charcoal, as well as expressive larger scale pencil sketching. Brands of textured paper include Strathmore Pure Tints and Canson Mi-Teintes, which are available in a huge selection of colors. The tightly woven mesh creates a fine, smooth surface. Ideally, there is no texture at all, although some papers may have texture added. A heavier weave may also give some paper a slight texture. The smooth surface of untextured wove paper is particularly well suited to ink drawing and realism pencil drawing. One of the best known and most enjoyed by artists is Arches Text Wove, also known as Velin d’Arches. When shading with chalk or flat pencil, the pits in the paper create an irregular pattern of white spots throughout the area. A mold-made watercolor paper is a typical example of a rough paper surface. The coarse surface makes it difficult to control tone and lends itself to simple, broad, expressive gestures in pastel, charcoal, or soft pencil. Rough paper is a traditional favorite of watercolorists because the tiny pits allow paint to pool in a heavy wash. At the same time, it leaves dots of light with a dry brush, so the texture can be used to great effect. Medium paper has a fine grain, which can look subtle when shading with a sharpened pencil. It may also be accentuated by shading with a blunt pencil or charcoal. Hot-pressed paper allows you to draw very fine detail without noticeable bumps or texture. The amount of manipulation and type of medium depend on the quality of the fiber and manufacturing process used.
